Christ on the Cross, Spain, 12th century

Carved cypress wood, partially polychrome, tempera – traces of overpainting – H. 45 x W. 45 cm approximately

A rare Romanesque-style figure of Christ on the cross, carved in cypress wood, in typical 12th-century Iberian style. The body, carved in the shape of a cross, presents the famous "Christus triumphans" posture, with arms widely outstretched and a solemn, frontal gaze. The face, marked by large brow ridges and deep-set eyes, embodies the Romanesque symbolism of a Christ as master of the world, not suffering but glorious.
The piece is partially polychrome, painted in tempera in sober tones of brown, ochre, red, and ivory, with visible overpainting, particularly on the arms. The vertical and rigid drapery is typical of Spanish Romanesque sculptures. The state of preservation is good considering its age: the feet and some phalanges are missing, as well as traces of restoration on the backs of the arms (old collages are visible).

This type of sculpture was intended to be hung as a triumphal crucifix above the nave in Romanesque churches in Spain (Catalonia, León, Aragon). It is part of the tradition of Catalan Majestates, influenced by Mozarabic and Byzantine works. This triumphant Christ symbolizes the resurrection, unlike the suffering Christ of the Gothic style.
The rigid, hieratic style, the simple yet powerful volumes, the schematic treatment of the beard and hair with parallel incisions, as well as the frontal expression, make it a representative example of 12th-century Romanesque art.

Period: 12th century

Presumed origin: Spain (probably northeast or León)

Wood: Cypress, carved

Painting: Partially preserved tempera, traces of overpainting

Polychromy: ochre, red, brown, ivory

Dimensions: Approximately 45 x 45 cm

Condition: Missing feet and phalanges, visible restorations on the back (glued arms)

Mounting: Probably suspended or attached to a liturgical support
This type of figure is similar to famous examples preserved in museums:

Majestat Batlló, Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya (Barcelona)

Crucifix from the cloister of Santo Domingo de Silos

Romanesque Christ from the Museum of Sacred Art in Vic

These sculptures play a fundamental role in understanding the visual theology of the Western Middle Ages and are highly sought after by collectors, museums, and Foundations specializing in Romanesque art.
With its expressive power, quality of execution, and rarity, this Christ is a precious testament to Romanesque statuary. Its preservation, although incomplete, remains legible and authentic, and its visual presence is striking, enhanced by the contrast between the polished and painted surfaces.
Given its rarity, its precise dating, and its appeal to lovers of Romanesque and early sacred art, the asking price is justified and competitive on the international market.

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